Glossary of Terms
- Autosomal
- Phenotypic trait or gene NOT associated with either the X or Y sex
chromosome; i.e., not sex-linked.
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- Genome
- Complete set of chromosomes carried in a cell.
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- Gibbs sampling
- Method of calculating the genetic merit of dogs that takes advantage
of fast computers. The process itself is just a computer-based method for integrating a
function without having to find the antiderivative.
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- Idiopathic
- Arising spontaneously with no obvious external cause (e.g., genetic
as opposed to trauma-induced).
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- Locus (plural - loci)
- Site or position on a chromosome where a particular gene or DNA
sequence resides. Often used interchangeably with the term 'gene', but locus is more
generic.
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- Microsatellite
- As used here, a region of the DNA that can be consistently
identified, using a laboratory procedure, across all individuals in a single breed.
Microsatellites themselves are repetitive DNA sequences that are randomly distributed
throughout the mammalian genome, tend to be highly polymorphic, and are short DNA
segments.
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- Polygenic
- Phenotypic trait whose expression is controlled by, or associated
with, more than one gene.
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- Polymorphic
- Presence of several common, alternate forms of a genetic
characteristic in a population.
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- Recessive
- Trait that requires two mutant copies of the gene (i.e., alleles) in
order for the disorder to be expressed; must be homozygous for the mutant allele.
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